Amy Smith is an American inventor, educator, and founder of D-Lab at MIT. She works to develop technologies and build creative capacity internationally.
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Amy Smith was born in Lexington, Massachusetts.[1] Smith's father, Arthur Smith, was an electrical engineering professor at MIT.[2] Arthur Smith took his family to India for a year when Amy was growing up while he worked at a university there.[2] "I think that set a lot of things in motion for her. It's very different from growing up in a Boston suburb", he said.[2] Smith says that being exposed to severe poverty as a child made her want to do something to help kids around the world.[3] "Living in India is something that stayed with me—I could put faces on the kids who had so little money."[3]
Smith received her Bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from MIT in 1984.[2] Smith returned to MIT after the Peace Corps to get her master's degree in mechanical engineering.[2]
Smith joined the Peace Corps serving four years as a volunteer in Botswana.[4] During her Peace Corps service she was struck by the fact that "the most needy are often the least empowered to invent solutions to their problems."[4] While she was serving in the middle of the Kalahari Desert, she decided what she wanted to do with the rest of her life.[2] "At one point I had sort of an epiphany, sitting at my desk looking out over the bush, when I realized I wanted to do engineering for developing countries", Smith said.[2] "In Botswana, I was teaching and then working for the ministry of agriculture as a beekeeper, and I remember thinking to myself that I really liked doing development work, but I wished could do some engineering too, because I like creative problem solving", says Smith.[3] "People in the developing world scrape every last ounce of life that they can out of objects, and my students used to bring me things to fix, and I always enjoyed being able to do that."[3]
She is a senior lecturer in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at MIT specializing in engineering design and appropriate technology for developing countries. She founded the D-Lab program at MIT which introduces students to technological, social, and economic problems of the Third World. She also co-founded Innovations in International Health to facilitate collaboration among researchers around the world to develop medical technologies for resource-poor settings. She teaches the courses SP.721/11.025: D-Lab: Development and SP.722/2.722: D-Lab Design. She has taught in the past 2.72: Elements of Mechanical Design.
Smith encourages women to become engineers although she dislikes being referred to as a woman engineer.[3] "Actually, because my class involves humanitarian engineering, I very rarely have more men than women. There have been times where there have been ten women and one man. This isn't surprising, given that women often want to see an application to what they're learning that they feel is worthwhile", says Smith.[3] "But I'm not involved in any particular projects to encourage women engineers, because I dislike being referred to as a woman engineer. I don't like programs that single out woman engineers as particular achievers just for being women. I think that it should be coincidental."[3]
Smith's designs include the screenless hammer mill and the phase-change incubator, and she is also involved with the application of the Malian peanut sheller in Africa.[5] She is also one of the founders of the popular MIT IDEAS Competition.
In 2000 Smith won the Lemelson-MIT Student Prize that honors inventors who are also good role models.[2] Smith is the first woman to win the prize.[2]
Smith invented a motorized hammermill that converts grain into flour which she successfully tested in Senegal.[2] The problem with other motor-driven mills is that the screen that filters out rocks and coins could not be made locally and it could take several months to get a new screen. Smith's mill sifted out finished flour aerodynamically using a simpler design that could be manufactured locally by village blacksmiths. "It's nice when looking at things differently is a good thing, and not something where you get zero credit on a problem", Smith said.[2] Smith planned to use some of the prize money from the $30,000 Lemelson-MIT Student Prize to produce and distribute the mills.[2]
Smith worked on an incubator that requires no electricity.[2] The device was originally designed to diagnose sexually transmitted diseases.[2] The phase change incubator won the 1999 B.F. Goodrich Collegiate Inventor's Award for $20,000. Smith planned to start a company around the incubator.[2] "I'm not a person who likes money, so whether it makes a profit is neither here nor there", Smith said.[2] "I didn't want to be in the position of closing down the product because it wasn't making money. That's not the point of the product."[2]
Smith co-founded the MIT IDEAS Competition where teams of student engineers design projects to make life easier in the developing world.[3] "Some of the IDEAS competition winners have been very successful", says Smith. "The compound water filter, which removes arsenic and pathogens, is now deployed quite extensively in Nepal. The Kinkajou microfilm projector, used in nighttime literacy classes, is being deployed in Mali. We’re working to commercialize a system for testing water for potability. It's in the field in several countries, but not on a widespread basis. We're looking towards doing a trial of aerosol vaccines in Pakistan, so that's exciting."[3]
Smith is one of the lead organizers of the International Development Design Summit, held annually to study problems in the developing world and create real, workable solutions to them.[6] "I believe very strongly that solutions to problems in the developing world are best created in collaboration with the people who will be using them", Smith said.[6] "By bringing this group of people together, we get an incredibly broad range of backgrounds and experiences.[6]
WorldChanging reported on August 14, 2007 that the results from the first International Development Design Summit (IDDS) had been very positive with end products including an off-grid refrigeration unit tailored for rural areas using an evaporative cooling method to store perishable food and a low-cost greenhouse from recycled and widely available materials.[7]
More information on projects from IDDS can be found here.